Is It Responsible For His Behaviors Either Good Or Bad

FREE WON’T The question whether one is responsible for his behaviors either good or bad because he has free will to decide what to do or don’t versus he has no moral responsibility for his behaviors because every act is pre-determined by his brain beyond his conscious control is definitely one of the controversial questions of today raised by psychologists, philosophers, neurologists and many others. According to the deterministic idea, everything happening is really the only thing that could happen in that circumstances and could be predicted while the idea of free will supports we somehow have a choice to decide on our acts, that we are self-determined and this is what makes us different from machines as humans. By taking the course material presented to us into consideration, I believe in compatibilism. Most of the time we do what our brain, nature and nurture lets us do and we do what is expected but when necessary we also have the ability to cancel the command given by it, which is referred as â€Å"free won’t.† B. F. Skinner demanded that free will is kind of an illusion and it may not be totally wrong to think that. Our astonishingly sophisticated brains are made up of numerous harmonious systems firing information and generating our ideas, consciousness, decisions and acts. It may even be responsible for making us think that we have a free will. Certain stimuli can interfere with the firing ways of synapses and have an effect on our learning, thus behavior. Moreover,Show MoreRelatedIs It Responsible For His Behaviors Either Good Or Bad?886 Words   |  4 PagesThe question whether one is responsible for his behaviors either good or bad because he has free will to decide what to do or don’t versus he has no moral responsibility on his behaviors because every act is pre-determined by his brain beyond his conscious control is definitely one of the controversial questions of today raised by psychologists, philosophers, neurologists and many others. According to the deterministic idea, everything happening is really the only thing that could happen in thatRead MoreAn Introduction Of Ethical Theories859 Words   |  4 Pagesare driven by both reaction and instinct. Not taking responsibility for your own behavior or actions is an example of impulsive behavior. In some instances an individual will deny any involvement in the situation, activity, or event; in others, the individual suggests that someone else is responsible. This type if behavior can be categorized as both impulsive and deliberate. From the impulsive act this type of behavior occurs on the spur of the moment. When an individual performs some action thatRead MoreThe Reason Why Children Misbehave Essay784 Words   |  4 Pagesa happy family. Childrens behaviors are mainly affected by their parent, so their behaviors whether it is good or bad depend on their parents action. Some parents are not careful about how to raise their children, and then they misbehave with their parents and with everyone. I believe that parents are the only persons who are responsible of their childrens behaviors, because children always obey them. However, some people believe that children have to be responsible of their act. Many people dontRead MoreRacism In Jean Paul Sartre1548 Words   |  7 PagesJean-Paul Sartre, France and the world’s greatest philosophers of the 20th century, was a witness to two world wars. Being in the heart of it all shaped hi s personality and his views in many ways. Sartre was one of the first to address the silence on the Jewish treatment during and after the Second World War. By doing so; he started a chain reaction that formed a whole new school of thought where an entire generation of philosophers tried to answer the fundamental questions about anti-Semitism specificallyRead MoreThe Stanford Prison Experiment Addressed The Psychology Of Behavior Essay820 Words   |  4 PagesGeneral topic that the article is addressing The Stanford Prison Experiment addressed the psychology of behavior. The experiment specifically addressed the influences of behavior in regards to imprisonment. I recently saw a documentary about the Stanford Prison Experiment and I was shocked that subjects were subjected to such cruelty. The subjects were young intelligent students who likely had never encountered such abuse. Sadly, in the 1970s experiment rules and regulations were severely lackingRead MoreNon Christians Present A Concern For The Christian Therapist1612 Words   |  7 PagesShould the Fact that All were Either Atheists or Non-Christians Present a Concern for the Christian Therapist? B.F. Skinner’s theory of behaviorism claims that behavior is directed by environmental reinforcements, some natural and some intentionally applied. Skinner proposed three possible consequences of any behavior: reinforcements which are consequences which increase the likelihood of behavior (such as praise or food), punishments which tend to decrease behavior (such as a frown or a trafficRead MoreThe Theory Of Free Will1616 Words   |  7 PagesFree Will Free will is the ability to choose freely and control our actions. Basically, free will shows the level of responsibility we claim for our actions and decisions. Obviously, if outside forces determine our choices, we cannot be held responsible for our actions. However, if our choices are made with total freedom than certainly we must claim responsibility for our choices and actions. God is justified in creating a world with the existence of free will which philosophers such as D’HolbachRead MoreStudying Right and Wrong Behavior in Society1385 Words   |  5 PagesEthics is the study of right and wrong behavior in a society. In every professional field, there are codes of conduct that govern the actions of those in the field. It is a noble idea to police and oversee codes of ethics. The crisis lies with the individual who chooses not to pursue the code. There are people who are careless about the consequences of their actions by purely living for the moment, and if jail time cannot discourage them from their deed, a code of conduct will be deemed useless.Read More Parenting Styles and Childrens Development Essay1374 Words   |  6 Pageslife. These parenting styles can be either good or bad and this will have an effect on the child; either a positive or a negative one. This essay investigates the parenting styles from which emerge questions about the role of the mother and the father. It also focuses on the ways that either too much mothering or too much fathering might have an effect on the child’s identity later on in its life. What is good parenting style and how should parents act? Good parenting style shapes a child’s characterRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Classroom Management997 Words   |  4 Pagesthe time is appropriate. I will have the traditional teaching style which is the students paying attention to the teacher, then once the students seem to understand the content they will then be able to move around and interact with other student in either group discussions or at the learning centers throughout the classroom. My classroom will be nice and bright to keep up the positive energy, and it will still be conducted as a learning environment for my students, and they will understand that everything

Master Free Essays

It includes: copying information directly from the Web or books without referencing the material; submitting Joint coursework as an individual effort; copying another student’s rework; stealing coursework from another student and submitting it as your own work. Suspected plagiarism will be investigated and if found to have occurred will be dealt with according to the procedures set down by ELLS. Please see your student handbook for further details of what is / Isn’t plagiarism. We will write a custom essay sample on Master or any similar topic only for you Order Now Assignment Regulations 1 Learners are required to submit their work using the ELLS Assessment cover sheet. 2 You are required to submit your assignment electronically on Mayhap – mayhap. Molly’s. Com If you need an extension (even for one day) for a valid reason, you must request one, using a reasonable adjustment form available from the Academic Admit Office. Do not ask the lecturers responsible for the course – they are not authorized to award an extension. The completed form must be accompanied by evidence such as a medical certificate in the event of you being sick. 4 General guidelines for submission of assignment: a) All work must be word-processed and must be of â€Å"good† standard. B) Document margins shall not be more than 2. CM or less than 1. CM c)Font size In the range of be of a common standard such as Arial or Times New Roman for the main text. D) Any computer files generated such as program code (software), graphic files that arm part of the course work must be submitted either online or with the documentation. The answers show that an effective approach to study and research has been applied within the scenarios e. G. Comparing concepts, theories and models. MM Select/design and apply appropriate methods/techniques A range of methods and techniques have been applied. A range of sources of information used The selection of methods and techniques/ sources Justified Complex information/data has been synthesized and processed Appropriate learning methods/techniques applied. A range of sources have been used to address the tasks MM Present and communicate appropriate findings Appropriate structure and approach has been used. Accurately used A range of methods of presentation has been used Appropriate media used Familiar and unfamiliar contexts have been used. It is appropriate for familiar and unfamiliar audiences Logical and coherent arguments have been presented with technical language accurately used in both tasks Use critical reflection to evaluate own work and Justify valid conclusions Synthesis has been used to generate and Justify valid conclusions The validity of exults have been evaluated using defined criteria. Realistic improvements have been proposed against defined characteristics for success Realistic improvements have been proposed against defined characteristics for success DO Take responsibility for managing and organizing activities Autonomy / independence demonstrated The unforeseen has been accommodated The importance of interdependence has been recognized High autonomy and independence h ave been demonstrated. Tasks have been attempted with minimum assistance provided by the tutor DO Demonstrate convergent/lateral/ creative thinking sessions taken Self-evaluation has taken place Convergent and lateral thinking have been applied. Problems have been solved Innovation and creative thought have been applied. Receptiveness to new ideas has been demonstrated. Ideas generated and Effective thinking has taken place in unfamiliar contexts. Innovation and creative thought have been applied when addressing both tasks Classic Badges Company Brief Classic Badges Company is in the early stages of setting up as a new mini enterprise which will sell custom made badges to local companies. They are hoping to target he local authority, schools, youth organizations, health service and local dental surgeries. They plan to sell badges which can be tailored to individual needs. The knowledge, effective communication media with the suppliers and potential customers such as the local authority, school etc who may be interested in buying the badges. Charles needs a team to take responsibility for the setting up of the company and the communication media to be used to promote the badges. You have been selected as one of the team members to work on this project. You are to collaborate with team members to set up Classic Badges Company. Note: Use the above scenario to answer ONLY TASK 1 ; 2. And read through all of the tasks carefully so that you know what you will need to do to complete this assignment in a fully written report. Tasks 1 – Understand how to assess information and knowledge needs 1 . : In Setting up Classic Badges Company, what are the major range of decisions to be taken? Discuss 1. 2: Identify and examine the kind of information and knowledge needed to ensure that an effective decisions are taken. 1. 3: List and assess internal and external sources of information required and Justify heir suitability and reliability for this project. 1. 4: Recommend any improvements in the use of different kinds or sources information and knowledge for the setting up of this project. Tasks 2 – Be able to create strategies to increase personal networking to widen involvement in the decision making process. 2. 1: There are several stakeholders in involved in this project, what contributions would you expect from the different stakeholders during a specific decision making process? 2. 2: An effective business relationship with these stakeholders is important. Discuss ethos of contact that will enhance business relationship with stakeholders. 2. 3: Prepare a plan on how to involve those identified in the decision making for this project. You may consider a stakeholder communication plan or a decision making action plan. 2. 4: To improve on involving others in the decision making process for this project, it is important to improve on your personal networking skills. What strategy would you Tasks 3 – Be able to develop communication processes Using the context of your current or previous workplace, prepare a report addressing he following issues but first you’ll need to provide a brief business overview (business description, legal status, mission statement, general information, product/ service description). . 1 : Report on existing processes of communication in this organization. 3. 2: Identify the pitfalls existing in the current communication processes and design ways to improve it. 3. 3: Recommend the improvements that need to be implemented to ensure greater integration of systems of communication in that organization. 3. 4: Create a personal plan to improve own communication skills. Tasks 4 â€⠀œ Be able to improve systems relating to information and knowledge Complete this part of your report using the same chosen organization in Task 3: 4. : Report on existing approaches to the collection, formatting, storage and dissemination of information and knowledge in this organization. 4. 2: Discuss the appropriate changes that need to be carried out to improve the collection, formatting, storage and dissemination of information and knowledge in this organization. 4. 3: Recommend a strategy that needs to be implemented to improve access to systems of information and knowledge in this organization. How to cite Master, Papers Master Free Essays A metal made up of a combination of two or more materials. Atmospheric pressure The weight of air creates a pressure on the Earth’s surface and the pressure exerted by the weight of air pressing down on the ground below will vary depending on the ground’s height above sea level. Boiling When a liquid vaporizes. We will write a custom essay sample on Master or any similar topic only for you Order Now Capillary action When water is drawn up between close fitting surfaces. Compression force A crushing force. Condensation When a gas turns into a liquid. Conduction Method by which solids transfer heat. Convection Method by which liquids and gases transfer heat. Corrosion The deterioration of metals that occurs on contact with liquids. Ductility Ductility Is the ability of a material to withstand distortion without fracture, such as metal that can be drawn into fine wire. Durability Durability is the material’s ability to resist wear and tear. Elasticity A material’s ability to stretch tensile force is applied to them. When the point is reached that the material will no longer return to it’s original shape and size the material is said to have exceeded it’s elastic limit or yield stress. Equilibrium When all acting influences are balanced. Evaporation When a liquid turns Into a gas. Ferrous metal A metal which contains iron. Freezing When a liquid turns Into a solid. Fusibility The melting point of a material, I. E. When a solid changes too liquid. Hardness Hardness is the ability of a material to resist scratching, wear and tear and Heat which causes a change of state in a substance, but does not affects its temperature. Malleability The ability of a material to be worked without fracture. Melting When a solid turns into a liquid. Non-ferrous metal A metal which does not contain iron. Plasticity The propensity of a material to undergo permanent changes in shape. H scale Measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. A pH of 7 represents neutral water. Reduction A method of producing metals is by removing the oxygen from the ore. Relative density The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a standard substance under specific conditions. The relative density of a solid is found by comparing it to the same volume of water. The relative density of a gas is found by comparing it to the same volume of air. Sensible heat Heat which only causes a change in temperature, not a change of state. Shear force Opposing forces acting along parallel lines of action. Strength The strength of a material is the extent to which it can withstand an applied force or load without breaking. The load is expressed in terms of force per unit area (Newton’s per square meter N/mm). Temper The degree of hardness of a material. Tenacity A material’s ability to resist being pulled apart. Tensile force A stretching or pulling force. Thermoplastics Plastics which are liquid when heated and hard when cooled. These plastics can be reshaped repeatedly. Thermosetting plastics Plastics which are resistant to high temperatures. Once set, these plastics cannot be reshaped. Velocity Speed of motion. How to cite Master, Papers

Without Theory There can be no Coherent Practice

Question: Critical evaluate of this contention in relation to the work of CARL ROGERS? Answer: How does theory inform your own practice? The Works of Carl Rogers is considered as one of most influential humanistic psychology research in the line of developing a personality theory emphasizing the significance of actualizing own self to shape personalities of human beings. Rogers believes that people regularly react to any stimulus associated with a subjective type of reality which falls in a phenomenal area and these changes as continuous happening. Across time persons may develop self-concepts, depending on feedback from reality. In developing self-concept a positive regard may be key for success. This is unconditional and may be the environment which can be free of preconceived notion of values. Conditional type of positive regards may be full of situations of worth and must be achieved as considered for successful. Humans develop ideal self as well as real self on conditional status. The close match of persons real self with an ideal type of self what is known as congruity as a concept. Rogers believes that persons who are fully functioning may get a better life, mainly in the environment where the person constantly aims for fulfilling the potentials as well as and allows the personality in emanating from previous experience. As Maslows principle, Roger theory is criticized as well for lacking empirical level research evidence How has research illuminated this issue? The theory about the self was propounded by Carl Rogers and considered as humanistic in nature and existential as well as phenomenological regarding practice. This theory dwells on mainly upon the theory by Combs et al. (1949) popularly known as phenomenal field on personality. The elaboration of Carl Rogers' theory is often realized to be extensive in nature. These illustrations are discussed in many books and journals illuminating the issues in various research works. It is considered for empirical evaluation in psychotherapy by Prochaska and Norcross in their 2003 writing. Ethical and philosophical implications The theory propounds Nineteen type of propositions in explaining the issues. All the individuals may persist in continuously changed the world of experiences which is called phenomenal field, and they remain at center. The organisms react to this field since it is experienced as well as perceived here. The perceptual field is real for individuals. The individuals act as an organized process to the phenomenal fields. These portions of total perceptual fields gradually become differentiated to be self. As the result of this interaction with an environment, particularly from the result of evaluation interaction with other, the structures of the self are formed and organized, fluid as consistent conceptual pattern perceptions in characteristics as well as relationships of the word me with word I, together as values attached with concepts. Organisms have the basic tendency in actualizing, maintaining and enhancing the experiencing organism. The vantage point for understanding behavior is mainly from the internal frame of reference of the individuals. Behaviors are basically the goal direct attempts of individuals to satisfy the need as experienced regarding fields as perceived. The particular type of emotions which would accompany as well as facilitate these goal behaviours relates to perceived type of significance of behavior for maintenance as well enhancements of the organisms. The value attached with experience, and make part of self-guided structures. In certain instances, they are not only experienced directly with the persons, get interjected and taken from others, but also perceived in distort fashion, in the form of experience as directed by them. Experiences when occuring in lives of individuals, they may symbolize, perceive and organize into certain relations to the self, or ignore since there may be no such perceived relationships to these structures. They even deny symbolizations or distorted type of symbolizations since the experiences are not consistent with structures round their own self. Many of ways people behave which are taken up by organisms are those that may be consistent often with the self-concepts. On certain instance, behaviors m ay be developed by the organic level experience and need that are not symbolized at all. Such kind of behaviors may not be consistent with selfs structure although in certain instances this may not be taken up by individuals. Psychological level adjustments may exist when the concept around self would be that all kind of visceral as well as sensory level experience of organisms may or not get assimilated over symbolic levels onto any consistent relationships in selfs concept. Psychological level maladjustments exist even when organisms would deny awareness of a significant magnitude of sensory or visceral related experience that may not be consequently organized or symbolized onto gestalt around the self-level structure. Whenever the situations exist, there may be any potential psychological tensions. The experience not consistent with selfs structure regarding organization can get perceived to be threats, and more these sort of perceptions are there, more the rigid self-level struc tures would be organized in maintaining themselves. Under specific situations which involve a primarily absence of threats to self-level structures, experience not consistent with them may get examined and perceived thereby revising the structure of self in assimilating and including this experience. Whenever individuals perceive and accept one integrated and consistent system, all the sensory as well as visceral level experience get better understanding about other people, and hence would be more of accepting others to form a separate type of individuals altogether. Whenever individuals perceive or accept about owns self-level structures more of organic level experience, the person would find that himself will replace owns present level value system extensively. This is over introjection and again gets distortedly in a more symbolized and continuing way to form organism level valuing processes. Again Carl Rogers is known to practice an unconditional type of regards which are positive in nature. That can be defined to be accepting persons without any negative type judgments. On development aspect rather than the stages, Rogers illustrates principles surrounding them. Principal issues are developments of own self-level concepts and progress from undifferentiated type of self for getting differentiated to a full extent. The Self as a concept is considered as organized and consistent concept gestalt which is composed out of a perception of characteristics around me and I, also as the thinking about a relationship between me and I with others. This added with varying life aspects, again with values attached across these types of perceptions. This is the gestalt available for awareness even if not always regarding awareness. This is also fluid as well as changing gestalt process, at given moments it may be a specific type of entity altogether. In developing self-level concepts, R ogers find conditional as well as unconditional positive type of regards to be important. They raised environment on unconditional type of positive regards with an opportunity to actualize fully. Those raised in an environment of conditional type regards may feel worthy when they can match condition (which Carl described as condition of worthiness) which may be lay down by others. Optimal type developments, referred as a proposition, end with certain processes than the static stage. Rogers described this to be better lives, where organisms continually aim in fulfilling its potentials. Carl lists the characteristics in fully functioning persons growing open to experiences then they would move from defensive and with no needs for subsections (any perceptual defensive involving unconsciously. The concept of freedom of choices, which are not shackled at any restriction, influences an individual who is incongruent. They can be capable of making wider ranges of choice in a fluent manner. It is a common belief that one plays the role to determine their behavior thereby feeling responsible towards his nature. The concept of creativity follows that; one would feel free to act as a creative person. Then the person can be much creative in a way one would adapt towards own situation without any feeling for need for confrontation. The concepts of constructiveness, as well as reliability, flows the trust to act in a constructive way. Any individual who would be open towards all the need can be capable of maintaining balance among the persons. Even the aggressive type of necessities can match and thereby get balanced with an intrinsic type of goodness at a context of congruence. The rich and fuller life concept is described as life of individual which is functioning fully to be rich, exciting and full thereby suggesting their experience of pain, joy, heartbreak, love, courage and fear vary intensely. The description about good life by Rogers is the process about this as convinced at persons level. It also involves growing and stretching of becoming much of persons potentiality. These encompass courage that comes to a person. This would mean launching somebody to a fuller extent to stream of life. Carl Rogers identifies real own self as aspects of persons being which got founded in actualizing type of tendency, also that follows an organismic type of valuing, the needs as well as receives the positive type of regards and such regard of self. It is the concept of you that goes all well then the same follows. In other side, up to the level that the society can be synchronous with actualizing tendencies, and person is forced for living with situation of worthy which would be out of steps with organismic type value, receiving only situational positive type regards a nd own self regards, one develops instead an ideal type of self. In terms of ideal Carl Rogers suggest that it may not be real, sometime it may be outside of ones reach, and the standards one may not meet at all. The gaps between real self at one hand and ideal self on other in the form of one is and one should can be called to be incongruity concept. Carl Rogers describes the concept of congruence and concept of incongruence to be significant ideas across his theories. In next proposition, Rogers would refer to actualizing type tendencies. Also Rogers recognizes the needs for positive type of regards. In case of person who is fully congruent realize their potentials not in the cost of feeling the positive regards. They could be capable for leading lives which are more authentic and more genuine in nature. The incongruent type of individual, in his pursuit of positive type regards, leads lives including falseness without realizing the potential. The condition put on these by people surrounding them may make this necessary to be forgone genuine ones, authentic life meeting with approval from other. They also continue lives which may not always true towards themselves, who those are inside or out. Carl Rogers suggests about incongruent type of persons that are mostly on the defensive type of actions without opening towards all the experiences and do not function ideally even malfunctioning often. They would work harder to maintain or protect the self-level concepts. Since their lives may not be authentic it is problematic, this is under threats constantly. They may deploy defensive mechanism for achieving this objective. Rogers described multiple mechanisms such as denial and distortions. Distortions occur when individuals perceive threats to the self-level concepts. They may distort perceptions until this fits with self-level concepts. The defensive behaviors reduce consciousness of threats without the threats themselves. And hence, with threat mounting, the protecting of self-level concepts becomes much difficult with individual becoming much rigid and defensive in the own self-level structures. When incongruences are immoderate, the processes lead individuals in a state of typically neurotic in nature. The functioning becomes precarious as well as vulnerable psychologically. When situations worsen it could be possible that defenses stop functioning and individuals become aware about incongruence of situations. The personality gets bizarre and disorganized; irrational in behaviors, associated in previously denied points of own self, can uncontrollably erupt. Potential benefits and hazards of counseling theory in practice The works of Carl Rogers is seen as one of most influential humanistic psychology research in the line of developing a personality theory emphasizing significance of actualizing own self to shape personalities of human beings. Rogers believes that human-beings constantly react to stimulus associated with subjective type of reality which falls in phenomenal area and these changes as continuous happening. Across time persons may develop self-concept depending on feedback from reality. In developing self-concept a positive regard may be key. The positive regard which is Unconditional may be the environment which may be free of preconceived notion of values. Conditional type of positive regards may be full of situations of worth and must be achieved as considered for successful. Humans develop ideal self as well as real self on conditional status. Close match of persons real self with ideal self is known as congruity. Rogers believes that fully functioning people may achieve better life, in which he constantly aim for fulfilling the potential and allow their personalities to emanate from their experiences. As Maslow theories, Roger theory is criticized for lack of empirical evidences in research. The theory about the self propounded by Carl Rogers is considered as humanistic in nature and existential as well as phenomenological in terms of practice. This theory dwells on mainly upon the theory by Combs et al (1949) popularly known as phenomenal field type of personality. The elaboration of Carl Rogers' theory is often realized to be extensive in nature. These elaborations have been discussed across books and journals illuminating the issues in various researches. It has been considered as stood consistently for empirical evaluation in psychotherapy by Prochaska and Norcross in their 2003 writing. The theory propounds Nineteen type of propositions in explain the issues. All the individuals or organisms may persist in continuously changed world of experiences which is called phenomenal field and they remain at center. The organisms react to this field since it is experienced as well as perceived here. The perceptual field is real for individuals. The organisms react as an organized process to the phenomenal fields. The portion making the total of the perceptual level fields slowly become differentiated to be self. Consequently interactions with environment mainly from resulting interaction with other, structures of the self is constructed and built fluid as consistent patterns of perception in characteristic as well as relationships around I and me together as values that are attached with given concept. Organisms have basic tendency in actualizing, maintaining and enhancing the organisms that experience these. The vantage points to understand such behavior mainly come from the internal framework of references around the individuals. Behaviors are is mainly goals direct attempts across organisms to satisfy needs as experienced on fields as perceived. Emotions accompany, and generally facilitate, these goal behaviors, kind of emotions being relate to perceived type of significance of behavior for maintenance as well enhancements of the organisms. The value attached with experience, and the value that make part of self-guided structures, in certain instances, are value experienced by directly the organisms, and on certain instance is values that are taken and interjected from other and also perceived across distort fashion, in the form of experienced as directly by them. Experiences when occur in lives of the individuals, they may either, symbolize, perceive and organize into certain relations to the self, ignore as there may be no such perceived relationships to this self-level structures, deny symbolizations or distorted type of symbolization since the experiences are not consistent along selfs as such. Many of ways of things are behave which are often adopted at the level of organisms are those ones that may be consistently foun d with the concept surround the self. On certain instance, behaviors can be developed by the organic needs as well as experience those are not symbolized as such. These behaviors may not be consistent with structure around own self however at certain instance the behaviors are not necessarily owned at individual level. Psychological level adjustments exist at a time where concept around the self could be whole of visceral as well as sensory experience that organisms would have or would not have are assimilated at symbolic ground in terms of consistent type relationship with self as a concept. Psychology level maladjustments exist whenever the organisms deny awareness about significant visceral as well as sensory experience that are consequently not at all organized nor symbolized on to gestalt around the structure of the self. Whenever the situations exist all the time there could be a some sort of basic as well as potential psychology level tensions. Experiences that are not consis tent across organizations of selfs structure could be perceived to be threats thereby much of such perception are more rigidly organized for selfs structure in maintaining itself fully. In specific condition which involves primarily without the threat to selfs structures as well as experiences that are not consistent at these can be examined as well as perceived, and the structure of self revised to assimilate and include such experiences. When individuals perceive and accept into ones that are consistent or integrated into systems, all the visceral and sensory experience, then the person could necessarily become more of understanding about the others around him there becoming better accepting about others to be separate individual altogether. While individuals perceive and accept on to these self-based structures much of persons organic level experience, he would find to be replacing owns present level value systems fully on the introjections that is distortedly often and symbolize with continuing organisms valuing processes. A critical evaluation of the contention behind CARL ROGERS works present a number of important issues. In addition to this Rogers too is known for practice of unconditional type positive regards, which are defined to be accepting persons without any negative type of judgments. The discussions on all these points illuminate the research as well understanding to a great extent. This also contributes greater knowledge world in a great way. This discussion hence is a very significant one for a number of reasons. Reference: 1. Aron, L., 1996, A meeting of minds: Mutuality in psychoanalysis. The Analytic Press: Hillsdale NJ and London. 2. Block, J., 2008, Issues for DSM-V: Internet addiction, American Journal of Psychiatry, vol.165, pp.306-307. 3. Brown, S., 2009, Play: How it shapes the brain, opens the imagination, and invigorates the soul. New York: Avery. 4. Haidt, J., 2007, The Happiness Hypothesis: Putting Ancient Wisdom to the Test of Modern Science, Arrow Books Ltd. ISBN: 0099478897. 5. Rogers, C. R.,1951, Client-centered therapy, Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 6. Rogers, C. R., 1957, The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change, Journal of Consulting Psychology, vol. 21, pp. 95103. 7. Rogers, CR, 1965, A humanistic conception of man. In R Farson (ed) Science and Human Affairs (pp. 1831). Palo Alto: Science and Behavior Books. 8. Rogers 2015, Humanistic Theory of Personality. Boundless Psychology. Boundless, 20 Aug. 2015. Retrieved 31 Jan. 2016 from 9. Block, J. 2008, Issues for DSM-V: Internet addiction, American Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 165, pp.306-307. 10. Brown, S., 2009, Play: How it shapes the brain, opens the imagination, and invigorates the soul, New York: Avery. 11. Haidt, J., 2007, The Happiness Hypothesis: Putting Ancient Wisdom to the Test of Modern Science, Arrow Books Ltd. ISBN: 0099478897. 12. Rogers, C. R., 1951. Client-centered therapy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 13. Rogers, C. R. 1957, The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21, 95103. 14. Rogers, CR, 1965 A humanistic conception of man. In R Farson (ed) Science and Human Affairs (pp. 1831). Palo Alto: Science and Behavior Books.

How does the setting in J.D. Salinger’s novel The Catcher and the Rye influence the theme Essay Example

How does the setting in J.D. Salinger’s novel The Catcher and the Rye influence the theme Paper Name: Lecturer: Course: Date: We will write a custom essay sample on How does the setting in J.D. Salinger’s novel The Catcher and the Rye influence the theme specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on How does the setting in J.D. Salinger’s novel The Catcher and the Rye influence the theme specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on How does the setting in J.D. Salinger’s novel The Catcher and the Rye influence the theme specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Relationship between the setting and themes The themes of this story include loneliness, deception, alienation, phoniness, relationships and intimacy. There is a close relationship between the setting and the themes. The themes have been developed from the setting of the story. The persona of this story is called Holden Caulfield. As he narrates this story, he is recovering in a metal clinic. The period set for this story is near Christmas. Holden is a lonely boy because he expresses the way he dislikes his roommate and neighbor. This shows that he does not have many friends in school. The only friend he has is a girl called Jane whom he dates. He is sad because he has been expelled and will leave her behind. He says that this is the fourth school he has failed out. This means that he is a loner who does not even seek academic help, he had rather fail. Salinger (69), his sister tells him, â€Å"You don’t like anything that’s happening†¦.. You don’t like any schools. You don’t like a million th ings. You don’t†. This statement shows withdrawal from the society, hence loneliness. Holden is expelled from school and goes back to New York. He is not concerned about his future. Even when his teachers try to counsel him, he expresses lack of interest. This is an evidence of deception. Phoniness and deception are related because deception is an example of phoniness. He is deceiving himself that nothing is wrong with his life. He even refuses to go home because he does not want to confess the truth to his parents. In the hotel, he lies about his age to the ladies he flirted with. This shows that his lifestyle is accompanied by a lot of lying. Ironically, he criticizes people about deception. He says that adults are full of phoniness moreover; they do not want to accept it. This shows that he does not accept he is also a victim of the same vice. Salinger (1), he says that, â€Å"If you really want to hear about it, the first thing you’ll probably want is where I was born, and what my lousy childhood was like†¦.† This statement clearly shows that Ho lden grew up in an environment, which was unpleasant and full of phoniness. Throughout the story, Holden is viewed to be excluded from the normal living. He is alienated from the society. He alienates himself as a way of protecting himself from other people. He does this because he dislikes socializing with other people. He feels that it is confusing and overwhelming. Therefore, he opts to live in a world of his own, which ends up being harmful. He is unable to address himself to anyone and is unable to understand and solve his problems. As a result, he considers himself normal whereas he is not. Due to this urge of alienating himself, he is seen to go out with Sally but sends her away because he feels he wants to be alone. This could be the main reason why he eventually ends up in a mental clinic. Even as Holden is seen to be lonely and alienated, he seems to love women. He pays Maurice to provide for him a prostitute. When he went to Pencey School, he dated Jane and still tried to contact him afterwards. He feels uneasy when she goes out with anyone else. He refuses to go home and spends time in a hotel with women who are even older. This setting brings the theme of relationship and intimacy. Salinger (76) he says that â€Å"You don’t always have to get too sexy to get to know a girl.† Introduction of intimacy at such an early age shows how immoral the society has become. According to the story, Holden was in a boarding school, which was away from his home town. This is a gesture of rejection from his parents. It seems unfair because the sister goes to a nearby school and lives at home. As for him, he was sent to a boarding school far away from home. The school was in Pennsylvania, whereas he lived in Manhattan, New York. Lack of concern from parents could be the reason of his alienation and lack of interest in education. His indulgence to intimacy at an early age shows lack of guidance from parents or guardians. In chapter nine, he confesses that, â€Å"Sex is something I just don’t understand. I swear to God I don’t.† This confession is an indication of negligence from parents. They should have taught him about such life’s issues. We can conclude that Holden ended up in a mental clinic as a result of his parents’ incompetence in raising him well. Works cited Salinger, Jerome. D. The catcher in the rye. New York, NY: Penguin books. 2010. Print

Free Essays on George Washington As A Military Leader

George Washington was born on his father’s estate in Westmoreland County, Virginia, on February 22, 1732. He was the eldest son of a well-to-do Virginia farmer, Augustine Washington, by his second wife, Mary Ball. The Washington family was descended from two brothers, John and Lawrence Washington, who emigrated from England to Virginia in 1657. The family’s rise to modest wealth in three generations was the result of steady application to farming, land buying, and development of local industries. Young George seems to have received most of his schooling from his father and, after the father’s death in 1743, from his elder half-brother Lawrence. The boy had a liking for mathematics, and he applied it to acquiring a knowledge of surveying, which was a skill greatly in demand in a country where people were seeking new lands in the West. For the Virginians of that time the West meant chiefly the upper Ohio River valley. Throughout his life, George Washington maintained a keen interest in the development of these western lands, and from time to time he acquired properties there. George grew up to be a tall, strong young man, who excelled in outdoor pursuits, liked music and theatrical performances, and was a trifle awkward with girls but fond of dancing. His driving force was the ambition to gain wealth and eminence and to do well whatever he set his hand to. George Washington was the first president of the United States and one of the most important leaders in United States history. His role in gaining independence for the American colonies and later in unifying them under the new U.S. federal government cannot be overestimated. Laboring against great difficulties, he created the Continental Army, which fought and won the American Revolution out of what was little more than an armed mob. After an eight-year struggle, his design for victory brought final defeat to the British at Yorktown, Virginia, and force... Free Essays on George Washington As A Military Leader Free Essays on George Washington As A Military Leader George Washington was born on his father’s estate in Westmoreland County, Virginia, on February 22, 1732. He was the eldest son of a well-to-do Virginia farmer, Augustine Washington, by his second wife, Mary Ball. The Washington family was descended from two brothers, John and Lawrence Washington, who emigrated from England to Virginia in 1657. The family’s rise to modest wealth in three generations was the result of steady application to farming, land buying, and development of local industries. Young George seems to have received most of his schooling from his father and, after the father’s death in 1743, from his elder half-brother Lawrence. The boy had a liking for mathematics, and he applied it to acquiring a knowledge of surveying, which was a skill greatly in demand in a country where people were seeking new lands in the West. For the Virginians of that time the West meant chiefly the upper Ohio River valley. Throughout his life, George Washington maintained a keen interest in the development of these western lands, and from time to time he acquired properties there. George grew up to be a tall, strong young man, who excelled in outdoor pursuits, liked music and theatrical performances, and was a trifle awkward with girls but fond of dancing. His driving force was the ambition to gain wealth and eminence and to do well whatever he set his hand to. George Washington was the first president of the United States and one of the most important leaders in United States history. His role in gaining independence for the American colonies and later in unifying them under the new U.S. federal government cannot be overestimated. Laboring against great difficulties, he created the Continental Army, which fought and won the American Revolution out of what was little more than an armed mob. After an eight-year struggle, his design for victory brought final defeat to the British at Yorktown, Virginia, and force...

How To Get People To Read Your Blog + Scannable Content

How To Get People To Read Your Blog + Scannable Content Do people  really read  anymore? Its a bit of a conundrum that content marketers and bloggers are facing today: Publish lots of consistent content. Make sure its long-form content. And then there are the trolls who seem to love TL;DR (meaning too long; didnt read) which actually gets searched about 74,000 times every month. So  how do you get people to read your blog, really? Reading something on the web takes 25% longer  than reading it off of the printed page. Do you have 25% more time? I know I don’t. And that’s why I find that I scan content online much more than I do when I’m reading a book or magazine. Maybe I feel like things are going faster when I’m online, or maybe it’s just a habit. Whatever the case, much of the content I consume online starts out from scanning. I’m a scanner. How To Get People To Read Your Blog With Scannable Content via @JulieNeidlingerWho Scans Content? Scanning is not the same as speed reading (if there is such a thing). Rather, it’s more of a triage approach to gathering information. Scanners are people who whiz through a piece of content, grabbing as much information as they can without reading every single word. (And by scanners, I do not mean the rather frightening movie of the same name, because believe me, you don’t want to attract those kinds of scanners.) Scanners aren’t there to read your blog post in depth. At least, not at first. They might dive in and read if your content caught their eye, but for the most part, when someone is in scanning mode, they’re basically on the fast hunt for specific information they need right now. Scanners may not read your post entirely at first, but are hunting for specific information.Scanners might need your content for research for their own  content. They might be searching for new content ideas. Or, they might truly be looking for information, but have a time crunch to work under and are trying to cram as much into their mind as they can before they move onto the next thing on their list. Creating Scannable Content If you break down scanners' behavior, you’ll understand a bit more what they're looking for, and how to create content that fits their needs. 1. Maximum information, least amount of time. Scanners want to get the most amount of information, in context, in the least amount of time. Richly woven metaphors and thick prose need not apply; these are the â€Å"skip-over parts† of excessive description that you can avoid and not miss anything important. Scannable content offers maximum information to be read in the shortest amount of time.Say what needs to be said, now. You may have a point to make, and data from six different sources to back it up. Use all the data, build the proof, but be sure to summarize it in a visually noticeable way (e.g. pullquote, chart) so the scanner doesn’t have to wade through it. 2. Easily understood information. Scanners need a bird’s-eye-view of content to get an understanding of how things fit in. Content needs to be easy to understand in a single sitting in order for scanning to work. Easy-to-understand content is: Visual. Visual content is popular for a reason. Readers don’t have to dig into chunks of text to find numbers and learn whether the author is describing a trend. They can look at a nice bar graph instead. Scanners appreciate visuals that fit the content  and are in proper context instead of arbitrary images that are simply there because people like pictures. Arranged closely. Closely arranged content isn’t content without white space. Rather, it’s related content that isn’t broken up too much. Using lots of graphics or CTAs in the body of your content serve as speed bumps, slowing scanners down. They have to scroll a lot, both up and down, to get a sense of where the copy they are looking at falls into place. Graphics push copy further away from their headings and subheadings, so they quickly lose the context the outline-format heading system provides. Using graphics to get people to slow down is kind of the point for some blogs, because they want to convince you, then convert you, and not see you bounce in and then out with the data. Short.  Author Jeff Goins  makes the point of noting that shorter content is more conducive for scanning than uber long content. Part of this has to do with the ability to maintain an understanding of a piece of content. If it’s extremely long, it tends to have lots of headings and subheadings. This makes it harder to remember as you scan it. (â€Å"What point was this under? What are we talking about again?†)  Ã‚   Paced.  When it comes to the topic of scanning, what I mean by pacing is more about visual arrangement than storytelling. Pacing has to do with white space, headings, pull quotes, bold/italics, and bullet points. Scanning a small paragraph is easier than a long one. Bullet points indicate an important list. Bold or italic text adds emphasis inside a text block. Pull quotes highlight important thoughts. And headings mimic an outline format. Shareable.  Scanners readily share; it’s both curating and bookmarking to them. They might not leave comments that keep conversation going, but they do have a propensity to share on social media even if they haven’t read the full post. Social share buttons and techniques are not wasted on scanners. Weight.  Posts that have a lot of weight are posts that are (usually) long, in-depth, and packed with multi-faceted information. Lighter content is more conducive to speed reading, and possibly more conducive to scanning as well. Content with one key point, hammered home, is  great for scanning.  The denser and more in-depth the content, the less scanning works. If you have a seriously meaty post, you will need to carefully consider how you make it scanner appropriate. Scannable content is visual, arranged closely, short, paced, shareable, and weighty.3. Scannable content favors  the left. There’s a reason the left sidebar is popular in apps and on websites. Your eye follows a predictable pattern (most of the time) when reading. For scanners whose native language is read left to right, 60% of their time  is spent on the left side of the page. Take this into consideration when contemplating centering your headings or CTA. You’d be better off keeping things starting on the left (and vice versa if your language reads from the right). 4. Scannable content rates high on the search engine. Let’s not forget that scanners are scanning before they even get to your site. In a Google eye-tracking study, they found out that people generally stick to the first two or three search results. Scanners rely on Google to serve up the best options. That means you’d better work hard at hitting high in search results if scannable content is what you’re banking on. 5. Best stuff comes first. This is the inverted pyramid approach  that reporters often use in writing. People will scroll, but not forever: 80% of readers time is spent â€Å"above the fold†. That means you should put your best content above the fold. Where that â€Å"fold† hits for people who might be using a laptop or a mobile device is different, but just look at it as front loading your best content, your most important data, or your most amazing graphic. Think of the fold as the first break in the content, such as your first CTA or where you place an advertisement. Get the good stuff before that so they have a reason to even be interested in your CTA as well as read past the fold. 80% of your readers' time is spent above the fold. Cover the best stuff first.6. Looks like someone cared. Let’s not underestimate the value of a first impression. You can follow any number of rules and get everything up against the left and be the first search result and have your copy broken up into usable chunks and still get a scanner to bounce out. Why? Your website is a mess. Simplicity cannot be oversold. Get rid of the distractions, whether it’s too many fonts or colors, or a bunch of craziness with ads and graphics in a sidebar. If you’re using a professional template, chances are you have professional design going for you. But if you aren’t using a template, or need to update your brand look, do consider hiring a professional designer to help you with your logo, color palette, and font pairings. It’s a shame when great content is ignored because it was wrapped in an old circus tent. It’s a shame when great content is ignored because it was wrapped in an old circus tent. Getting Conversions Out Of Scanners OK. So you know what kind of copy scanners are looking for. And you can serve that up to them. But what are you  looking to get out of scanners? Like any visitor to your site, you want conversions. The idea that someone bounces in, grabs a few morsels and the leaves is disheartening. To inspire action, you have to make something sticky, something that slows the scanner down slightly, without shattering their ability to absorb the full post. The standalone CTA. Headlines (and headings) matter, because that’s what scanners are relying on. But here’s a better approach: the copy surrounding your CTA matters. Hugely. Think of your CTA as a standalone piece of content. You have to take into account all of the things we’ve established that scanners rely on. White space, design, color, attractiveness, clarity, easily understood information...do your calls to action do that? Do they get to the point- in clear language and paced design- and leave no doubt what the benefit is and what the reader is to do? The copy and language surrounding the button is a big deal. The logical leading. Your CTA has to make sense not only within the post, but within the headlines and headings. By creating content that is front-loaded and with headings that forgo the clever for the accurate, you funnel that scanner through the post one main point at a time so that when they arrive at your first CTA, it makes sense to them. Your headings should mimic the carefully constructed logic that the full reader is getting so that when both the reader and scanner arrive at the CTA, it isn’t unexpected. For example, this is terrible: How To Train A Cat To Do Tricks And Become Famous Choose a subservient breed. Gain its trust. Download our free copy of the best slow cooker recipes! Purchase treats for bribery. Get an Instagram account. Ridiculous example aside, it’s easy to forget that even if you go into detail about how to use a slow cooker to gain a cat’s trust (I don’t even want to know), your scanner won’t have read that detail and your CTA will be utterly unmotivating because it has the feel of someone who only has one ebook to offer (slow cooker recipes) and is going to push that in every blog post. Your CTA must: Fit the logic of the scannable elements. Fit the search terms that brought the scanner there. The reality of scanners should motivate you to make many different offers, ebooks, or other action items that fit with the broad swath of content you write about. Value the periphery. There’s the big action you want (â€Å"Click here to buy my $500 seminar!†), but there are also the peripheral actions that can pay off in other ways (â€Å"Tweet this quote†). That periphery has value; it’s not just leftovers. Salvage peripheral action and make social sharing easy. Even if the scanner doesn’t make the big conversion you hoped for, you can still get a social share out of it. Should All Content Be Built For Scanners? One last thing: Not everything you create should be built for scanning. It’s OK to make an entree even if everyone seems to be lining up for dessert. There are people who are actually reading and would benefit from content optimized for the hardcore reader. If everything were to cater to people who skim but don’t read, the world would be populated by Clif’s Notes instead of novels. Tragedy, indeed.

Marketing Communications Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Marketing Communications Plan - Essay Example Sony Corporation is the electronics business unit that is responsible for the production and marketing of its video games consoles including the Sony PlayStation. The history of the PlayStation began in 1988 when Sony and Nintendo worked together on a product called the Super Disc. However, Sony and Nintendo parted company and the Super Disc was never launched by Nintendo. In 1991, Sony modified the Super Disk as part of its development of the first Sony PlayStation. Sony launched the long awaited PlayStation 3 in the USA in 2006 just two days before the launch of the Wii from Nintendo. These two new consoles proved to be immensely popular and most retail shops sold out of both within days. Soon afterwards both of the consoles appeared for resale in large numbers on the auction website eBay. The asking prices for some of these resale consoles were up to five times the original retail price. Microsoft's Xbox 360 console had a one-year lead in the market and enjoyed buoyant sales as a result. Nintendo's Wii positioned itself away from its main two competitors through the deployment of its ground-breaking motion-sensing controller (Cheng J, Mark Freeman-Aloiau M, Xin Guo, Pullen A. 2007) In 2In 2009, the PlayStation 3, helped by a $100 price cut, has outsold Nintendo's Wii console for the first time. Sales of the PlayStation 3 more than doubled to 491,800, while those of the Wii fell 33% to 462,800 (Satariano, A. 2009). The PlayStation 3 is expected to give a further boost to Sony's earnings in time for Christmas this year when the latest version of the blockbuster role-playing game for the PlayStation, 'Final Fantasy', is launched in December (iStockAnalyst, 2009). 2.0 Marketing Strategy 2.1 Positioning Strategy Sony uses the newest and greatest technology to appeal to their customers. The people who are most interested in staying up-to-date with the newest technology are usually men of the ages 15-30. To reach that market, they make games that are attractive to men of those ages; these games tend to be the shooters and high action games such as Kill Zone and God of War. However, they do make games for younger children; these games have a more adventure based game play such as Jak and Daxter and Crash Bandicoot. Beyond gaming, Sony also hopes to reach movie buffs with their high-definition movie playback thanks to Blu-ray technology. Blu-ray offers the latest advancement in movie entertainment experience. The detail of these movies is so good that you can literally see individual pores on people's faces. As you might expect, this means detail on everything is very high and movie buffs love this. 2.2 Product Strategy The PS3 offers the most advanced visuals and audio of any other game console and most computers. Hardcore gamers want their games to be more visually pleasing, and that is exactly what Sony has given them. They have changed very little about control setup except they have added some motion sensitivity (after they saw Nintendo unveil this feature in the Wii); this means that people who have played PS1 and/or PS2 won't have to learn how to hold and use the controller all over again. Also, there are a lot of classic games available for download via the Playstation Network (for a

PolicyMaking in the EU Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

PolicyMaking in the EU - Essay Example Were it admitted to the EU, Turkey would be the most populated country and the first to be predominantly Muslim. Though its accession would have little effect on the European Commission, it would dramatically affect the European Council. Despite these many positives, some negatives make many weary about Turkey's inclusion. Agriculture is a major concern of EU policy. As Turkey's inclusion would affect voting power, Turkish concerns could change the common agriculture policy. Also, the European Union allows free movements of citizens among member nations. "A free flow of [Turkish] immigrants could destabilize labor markets around Europe. Though many of the members today feel that the presence of the Turkey would definitely create an impact on the growth of the European Economy, an equal number of the members feel that Turkey cannot be included into the EU as it is not geographically apt to be called 'European'. Its accession talks have since been delayed by a number of domestic and external problems. Several European countries such as Austria have shown their reluctance to allow Turkey into Europe. The issue of Cyprus continues to be a major obstacle to negotiations. European officials have commented on the slowdown in Turkish reforms which, combined with the Cyprus problem, has led the EU's enlargement commissioner to warn of a crash in the negotations with Turkey. Despite these setbacks, Turkey had closed its first phase in negotiations in June 2006. Based on what it views as lukewarm support for its accession to the EU and alleged double standards in its negotiations. France and Austria have indicated they will hold referundums on Turkey's membership), the Turkish public has become increasingly euroskeptic in recent times. Arguments favoring Turkey's membership in the European Union Economy An important in the favor of Turkey's inclusion is the rapid economical growth it has been achieving in the last 4 years. Although the current GNP per capita is still lower than all of the other new EU-countries, the current economic growth rate suggests that in a few years, Turkey will have overtaken Poland and Romania. In addition, Turkey has a young population. That, combined with the size of the country, and its growth rates, constitutes a major dynamism and a good opportunity for the EU. (Barry.M.Rubin, 2003) Relationship with the NATO Atlancist countries outside Turkey have always felt the inclusion of Turkey into the European Union would help counteract France's completely oblivious stand against the US. In countries like France, Netherlands and Germany, this is viewed as a point working against the country. Turkey is a strong regional military power which could give the EU more military capabilities. The Turkish Armed Forces are the second largest standing armed force in NATO after the United States Armed Forces, and they are the strongest in the Muslim world. Many countries in the west believe that the inclusion of the country in the EU would cement its alignment with the west. Many people in Turkey also believe that the Turkish inclusion could actually result in less military influence in the country and more stable Government. It could also improve in sustaining the economy. The Energy resources Turkey has now become the Energy hub of the continent. Direct piping between Russia and Iran carries natural gas to Turkey, which is planned to be distributed to the

Assessments for Early Childhood Programs Essay Example for Free

Assessments for Early Childhood Programs Essay William J. Wilson once said, â€Å"The person who scored well on an SAT will not necessarily be the best doctor or the best lawyer or the best businessman. These tests do not measure character, leadership, creativity, or perseverance†. Why do we test students? What is the purpose of assessments? Do these tests and assessments benefit the students? These are questions educators have been asking for years. It is impossible for one to determine a child’s academic abilities based solely on a test. Yet there still needs to be some form of assessments performed in order to evaluate the academic level each student has reached. But how much assessing is too much? How heavily do educators rely on the results of these assessments? The main issues, when it comes to assessing early childhood students, are the consequences of the assessment results and how they affect the child. According to The National Academies of Sciences, there are two key principles that support the success of assessment. The first is that the purpose of an assessment should be a guide for assessment decisions. The purpose for any assessment must be determined and clearly communicated to all stake- holders before the assessment is designed or implemented. Most important, assessment designed for programs should not be used to assess individual children. Because different purposes require different kinds of assessments, the purpose should drive assessment design and implementation decisions† (The National Academies of Sciences, 2008). The second principle is that any assessment performed should be completed in a â€Å"coherent system of health, educational, and family support services that promote optimal development for all children. Assessment should be an integral part of a coherent system of early childhood care and education that includes a range of services and resources† (The National Academies of Sciences, 2008). These two principles explain the main purpose of why assessing is important and how assessments should be conducted. After having an understanding of the purpose of assessments, why is it so important to begin evaluations at such a young age? What is the purpose of evaluating infants and toddlers? Author Sue Wortham explains evaluating toddlers and infants determine whether the child is developing normally or if they show any signs of delay and need assistance. All in all, the main purpose of assessment is to benefit the child (Wortham, p. 32). The NAEYC believes that during a child’s early years, evaluating and assessing their development should be the primary focus. They want to study how young children grown and learn. All the â€Å"results of assessment are used to inform the planning and implementation of experiences, to communicate with the child’s family, and to evaluate and improve teachers’ and program’s effectiveness† (Wortham, p. 4). Teachers also use assessment results to in order to plan their curriculum accordingly. So exactly do assessments search for? Assessments look not only for what the child is already capable of doing independently but also what they can do with the help of a teacher or another student (Wortham, p. 35). So how are they assessed exactly? There are many different assessments given to children across the U. S. everyday. These may be administered orally or as written works, such as questionnaires, surveys, or tests. These may include: standardized tests, observations, checklists, rating scales, rubrics, interviews, or portfolios. Each of these serve a different purpose in order to give different pieces of information needed to evaluate the child in question. Standardized tests, though many disagree with them, are meant to measure individual characteristics. Observations, on the other hand, are one of the most effective ways to measure students’ characteristics. When children are young, it can be hard at times to determine if there are any developmental delays (Wortham, p. 39). Developmental checklists, or scopes, are mainly used at all levels of education. These checklists are lists of the learning objectives that have been established by the teacher in order to keep track of their learning and development. Items on a checklist are rated with a negative or positive response from the teacher. Rating scales, unlike checklists, provide measurement on a continuum and are used when a collection of criteria is needed to attain specific information. Another form of assessment teachers commonly use is Rubrics. Rubrics were created to â€Å"evaluate authentic and performance assessments† (Wortham, p. 41). Rubrics, like rating scales, have a range of criteria that must be met. However, unlike rating scales, rubrics can be used to not only determine the quality of performance required, but are also used to assign grades. Rubrics make it easy for students to understand what is expected and is makes it easier for teachers to grade assignments. The final types of assessments that are most frequently used are performance and portfolio assessments. These evaluations might be administered through interviews given directly by the teacher in order to understand the child’s thinking and understanding (Wortham, p. 41). Teachers may present these evaluations through directed assignments, activities, or games. The performance results are typically kept in a student or teacher portfolio. These portfolios contain samples of student’s work and are used as a sort of progress report card. Keeping detailed reports of student’s work in the portfolios help teachers keep track of their student’s progress and help determine which areas of learning are lacking attention (Wortham, p. 41). Overall, according to Wortham, these tests, whether administered to an individual child or a group of students, are meant to determine a student’s â€Å"abilities, achievements, aptitudes, interests, attitudes, values, and personality characteristics† (Wortham, p. 9). Now having an understanding of the different types of assessments used to evaluate students and the purpose, let us turn to the negative and positive effects of these evaluations. It is crucial for educators to administer tests and evaluations carefully, because it they are poorly articulated, it can lead to decisions that are unfair or unclear, and they may do harm to programs, teachers, and, most importantly, children (Snow, C. E. Van Hemel, S. B. , p. 341-342). Evaluations and assessments are not meant to punish a child, and therefore, should never be overseen lightly. It is important that the information gathered outweighs any negative effects. Editors of Early Childhood Assessment: Why, What, and How, Catherine E. Snow and Susan B. Van Hemel, explain that â€Å"although the same measure may be used for more than one purpose, prior consideration of all potential purposes is essential, as is careful analysis of the actual content of the assessment instrument. Direct examination of the assessment items is important because the title of a measure does not always reflect the content† (Snow, C. E. Van Hemel, S. B. , p. 346). So what are some negative effects? Negative consequences of assessment findings may include program de-funding, closing a center, firing a teacher, mislabeling a child, or a reduction in program resources (The National Academies of Sciences, 2008). These effects, such as mislabeling a student, can follow students for the rest of their education career. Once a child is entered into a program, it can be difficult at time for teachers to look past that label. Children all develop at different his or her own pace. No one child will develop and learn the same way as another child. They all grow up and develop at different stages. Yet educational theorists have been able to observed and gather enough information to conclude that children, if divided in age groups, do tend to follow a certain development pattern. The problem is, it is hard to determine which children are the outliers in these results without carefully administering proper assessments. Assessments are not used to necessarily judge student or punish them. Their main purpose is to help students, teachers, and parents. So what are some positive effects of assessment and evaluations? Students that benefit from assessments and evaluations are those that are properly observed and tested. Teachers also benefit from the use of assessments because it helps them create an appropriate curriculum for their students. Evaluating children at a young age can have a positive effect if a delay or disability is in fact found, and because it was caught early, the student has a better chance of exceeding their potential in school. Catching developmental delays or disabilities at a young age is the same as finding cancer at an early stage in the sense that the earlier the cancer is found; the chances of survival are greater. Assessment results are used to plan for instruction, evaluate instructional programs, and report student progress. These are all positive results of assessments. Without the results of assessments and test, how can educators determine what to teach their students? Evaluations, if planned and administered properly, can be more beneficial than harmful. Unfortunately, not all teachers evaluate children fairly or appropriately. So it is important for parents to stay involved in their children’s education in the event that the results of an evaluation do not match the potential of their child. Parents should know the norms and abnormalities of their child’s behavior. Therefore, it is always beneficial to the child for parents and teachers to communicate. This way if a child is acting up in class, and the teacher notifies the parent, the parent may confirm any fears right away by simply saying, â€Å"that isn’t like him† or â€Å"he’s just nervous†. Avoiding drastic measures and not jumping to conclusions is the proper way to evaluate a child fairly. What are the predicted long-term benefits to Early Childhood Assessments? Are assessments and student evaluations accurate? Should teachers be required to assess and evaluate students as much as they already do? These are just a few of the questions that plagued educators for years. Too much assessing has placed so much pressure on students and teachers, inevitably taking away a child’s desire to learn for the sake of learning. The purpose of assessments and evaluations is a great concept, but placing too much pressure and emphasis on the test results is tainting the original purpose of learning.

The Racial Contract Essay -- essays research papers

In The Racial Contract, it is argued that contemporary structures of white domination in the United States operate by means of an epistemology of ignorance for white people. White people inadvertently suffer from cognitive dysfunctions such that they cannot understand the racially (and racistly) structured world in which they live and, indeed, helped create. For Mills, while no person of any race is self-transparent, becoming a white person entails a particularly extreme form of self-opacity regarding issues of race that corresponds with a conspicuously bad or offensive misunderstanding of the world. Recently with the invasion of Iraq, the president has proven that white people believe that they are correct when that in any given conflict it must quell the conflict through force rather than understanding of the predicament. It must be astonishing to a lot of white Bush supporters to learn that the horrible conditions in Iraq would only be made worse when a foreign country whose lead er represents Christian ideals (which aren’t the prevailing consensus in Iraq), believes that Iraqis people need another conflicting force in a country ravaged by extreme racism. Because of the racialized moral psychology created by the racial contract, white people are ironically often unable to see race and racism. Although Mills does not make use of psychoanalysis, his work suggests both how and why psychoanalytic theory can be of help to critical race theory’s project of examining race for the purpose of challenging racism and white privilege. While the white cognitive dysfunction described by Mills sometimes operates preconsciously, his concept of the epistemology of ignorance also points to the vast pools of human thought inaccessible to consciousness, and thus unconscious. This refers not to a mere gap or empty space; rather, it is something that is actively, dynamically produced, and which stubbornly maintains its existence. This means that as unconscious entity, racism’s effectiveness is found in its ability to perpetuate itself as something invisible and unknowable. Most race theories that omit the unconscious operations of race and ra cism touches on only the tip of the iceberg that is white privilege. This is not to say that white privilege is only psychical. But the importance of the economic, political, geographical, and other aspects of white privilege should not le... ...stood, yet it was made illegal to possess. The fear of white Americans losing their jobs was a major contributing factor and unconsciously, people of Hispanic descent had become the perfect â€Å"scapegoat† for the irrational paranoia that existed during the time period. It is not a coincidence that the majority of people in the correctional system are black, but there is the hope that through the knowledge and respect of one another those grievous acts that divide people into skin color, race, ethnicity, and religion can find a common ground. Common ground as in laws that everyone can agree on, not just what the majority decrees as being justice. There isn’t any government that can achieve this because of the seemingly infinite amount of strife in the world which causes people to become refugees and flee to strange countries. The only way that I can perceive the extinction of unconscious racism is the development of science which can prevent hardships. A common enemy has historically been known to bring people together, whether that enemy is a shortage of food or lack of resources, the most basic needs of freedom and liberty bind all men together with a goal in a positive direction.

The leaves IGCSE

Readers will note how Lord Newsworthy relies on his butler to put his hat on and to take the cap off his new lessee. Much of the story humor derives from the dialogue, with even the butler given choice lines. By contrast, the head-gardener Is given a comic Scottish accent (she's paying' me TWA upon' a week'). Students should be encouraged to note dialogue and descriptions they find particularly funny, and explain why. The comic figure of Lord Newsworthy is central to the story.Students should consider the way in which he responds to his son's courtship and eventual marriage to Aggie Donaldson, and what it reveals about snobbery and class. They might examine, too, how Woodlouse portrays Lord Newsworthy comic concern for the well-being of his prize pumpkin and also consider why the latter makes its first appearance about a third of the way through the story. Humor In The Story He gives orders as an Earl but nobody really listens to him. We see this when Freddie acts confused about the girl he was seen kissing, â€Å"Girl?He quavered. Girl, governor? † this brings in the humor as we are shown that the poor Newsworthy is not taken seriously. He keeps asking about the girl but Freddie keeps going around in circles, taking his time to answer Newsworthy. Though, even after Freddie has explained he still asks who the girl is. The bathos was shown in † , †¦ No Earl of Newsworthy had ever won a first prize for pumpkins†¦ † The story was built up with a mysterious picture only to find out that the picture was Just an â€Å"ordinary' pumpkin.The anta climax creates a sort of humor because we're all waiting to hear about the mysterious picture and then we find that Its nothing big Just a pumpkin completion. Lord Newsworthy Characterization Lord Newsworthy Character Is created In many different ways through hat he says, his thoughts, his actions, his appearance and what others think of him. Lord Newsworthy longs to the landed gentry and speaks i n a very posh, British dialect. By using manner of speaking was used in early twentieth century Britain. When Newsworthy is speaking, he uses many exclamation marks.When he is speaking to Freddie, he jumps to the conclusion that the pumpkin had been harmed. â€Å"Frederick! Speak! Tell me! † shows that Newsworthy panics very easily and gets distressed when there is no need by assuming things. We learn a lot about Newsworthy from his inner thoughts too. Elements Of Humor In his story â€Å"The Custody of the Pumpkin,† P. G. Woodlouse creates humor in a variety of ways. The story describes (among other things) Lord Newsworthy frustration that his inner-do-well son, Frederick, has been flirting with the daughter of the estate's gardener.Early in the story, the following passage, which is typical of the story's humor, appears: â€Å"Frederick! † bellowed his lordship. The villain of the piece halted abruptly. Sunk in a roseate trance, he had not observed his father. But such was the sunniest of his mood that even this encounter could not damp him. He gambled happily up. â€Å"Hullo, governor,† said Freddie. He searched in his mind for a pleasant topic of conversation, always a tater of some little difficulty on these occasions. â€Å"Lovely day, what? † His lordship was not to be diverted into a discussion of the weather.He drew a step nearer, looking like the man who smothered the young princes in the Tower. The humor of this passage depends on a number of factors, including the following: Use of the very forceful verb â€Å"bellowed,† especially when that verb is followed by the words â€Å"his lordship. † We don't usually think of dignified English aristocrats as bellowing, and so this combination of words is funny partly because of the comic incongruity of the verb and the noun. The phrase would be far less amusing if it had been written â€Å"bellowed Newsworthy† or even â€Å"bellowed the lord. The wor ds â€Å"his lordship† are especially cultivated and thus seem out of place when following â€Å"bellowed. † The description of Frederic as the Milan of the piece† is also amusing. Frederick is not evil or dangerous or malign. Thus Woodlouse uses comic exaggeration here and elsewhere. There is a comic contrast between the angry Newsworthy and the love-smitten Freddie, who is still â€Å"[slunk in a roseate trance. † As the phrase Just quoted illustrates, the humor of the story dependence in part on mimic overstatement.It would not be nearly so amusing if Woodlouse had written that Freddie was â€Å"still thinking of his beloved. † The phrase â€Å"roseate trance† is a splendid example of ostentatious hyperbole. Use of comic verbs, as in â€Å"gambled,† which implies a light-heartiness totally in contrast to the mood of Lord Newsworthy. Use of comic slang, as when the son of an English aristocrat speaks to his father as if he were a coc kney (â€Å"Hullo, governor†). Such speech, designed to diminish his father's anger, is only likely to increase it, thus providing an example of comic irony.Finally, nee more aspect of the humor of this passage deserves attention: the use of a comic simile, when Newsworthy is described as looking â€Å"like the man who smothered the young princes in the Tower. † This phrase is humorous for several reasons: it is exaggerated; it is vivid; it catches us by surprise; and it is highly inventive. (Imagine anger. â€Å") Woodlouse, then, uses a variety of standard techniques for achieving humor, most of which depend, in one way or another, on incongruity. The contrast between â€Å"Frederick† and â€Å"Freddie† is Just one of many examples of the incongruous in this passage and in the story as a whole.

Notes – Belonging

English Related Texts Text 1: Text 2: â€Å"My Big Fat Greek Wedding† Text 3: Text 1: What does it convey about belonging? The image conveys the concept of not belonging. It conveys the idea that a sense of not belonging can cause feelings of frustration and confusion. The image also communicates the message that being different physically from what is accepted as the stereotyped norm can influence whether or not one belongs. It conveys the idea that a certain image is valued in our society and that everybody who does not fall into the stereotyped image is or can be socially rejected. Techniques: Salient image: the salient image is the three tall and thin women that appear to be rejecting the lady that is slightly shorter. The fact that the taller women are the dominating aspect of the image reinforces the idea that these types of women are valued with in our society. o Colour: the dominating women are wearing the colour red while the lady that is being rejected is dressed in the colour green. The colour red is represents beauty, power and passion. The fact that the colour red is worn by the dominating women reinforces the idea that these women are valued in our society.The woman that is being socially rejected is wearing the colour green which usually is a symbol of nature. The green implies that she is naturally beautiful. The image however conveys that her natural and inner beauty is rejected and she is looked down upon as her exterior image does not resemble that that is valued and accepted. o Symbolism: the three dominating woman are looking up, with their noses lifted up in the air. This is usually a symbol of superiority. They believe themselves to more significant than the other lady whom they are rejecting.This conveys that they perceive her as worthless, insignificant and inferior. It clearly emphasises the idea they do not accept her. o Text: the written text â€Å"Damn! Should have worn red†¦ † highlights the idea that not belongi ng causes feeling of frustration and confusion. It shows the viewer that she does not comprehend the reason for her rejection as she does not perceive her self as any different. It conveys that she believes that if she had worn red she would have been accepted into the group. Text 2: What does it convey about belonging?This text conveys that one will always feel a sense of belonging to family and culture to some extent regardless of the circumstances because family and culture shape your identity and are always with you were ever you go. It illustrates the idea that family, culture and beliefs all shape ones identity. It also conveys that sometimes, in order for one to belong within a certain group, they must make change to them selves in order to meet the expectations of the other group. Scenes: 1. Opening/ introductory scene 2.Tula meets Ian’s family 3. Ian’s family meets Tula’s family 4. The wedding ceremony. o Scene one: In this scene, we are introduced to T ula, the protagonist of the movie with her father Gus. From the opening line of the movie, it is clear to us that she has not fulfilled the expectations of her family and specifically her father. â€Å"You better get married soon, you look so†¦ old† her father tells her. The atmosphere represents the mood of Tula. It is raining heavily and dark outside, suggesting that she is discontent with her life.The techniques of flash back and voice over allow us to view Tula in her childhood. These collaboratively convey that as a child Tula was not accepted with her peers as she â€Å"[she] knew she was different from the other girls†. Her culture and significant different appearance was a barrier to her belonging with the other girls at school. Tula’s unacceptance had a profound impact on her as we can clearly see that she was envious of the other girls through â€Å"I so badly wanted to be like the popular girls†.The quotes â€Å"way past my expiration dat e† and â€Å"I have no life† emphasise the idea that Tula is not content with her life and suggest that she has no aspirations for the future. o Scene two: In this scene Tula is introduced to her boyfriend’s parents. Her boyfriend Ian is a non Greek that her family disproves of. Previous to this Ian showed Tula that he accepts her despite their cultural differences through â€Å"what’s there to work out? We’re not from different species†.This conveys that he perceives them as equal and does not discriminate against her due to her culture and family. In the scene where Tula meets Ian’s family we see the cultural difference is a major barrier to belonging. The awkwardness in this scene and the silence from both parties indicates that their cultural differences restrict them as it causes a lack of communication and understanding. They are unable to empathise with each other. The lighting is dim which further highlights the awkwardness and Tula’s discomfort. Scene three: in this scene, the difference between the two families is clearly illustrated. The close up of Ian’s parents when they first arrive at Tula’s house clearly conveys their shock, confusion and disturbance. This is due to the clash in their lifestyle and also because they were expecting a â€Å"quiet dinner [to] meet [her] parents† and instead find the whole family roasting meat on a spit in the front yard. The silence from Ian’s parents when Gus introduces his â€Å"family† conveys that they are speechless and further emphasises their shock.Repetitive close-ups of Ian’s family furthermore convey their shock and inability to comprehend some of the Greeks’ actions. At the end of this scene, we see Gus Portokalos’ perception of Ian’s family and his belief that it will not work between him and his daughter due to the clash in lifestyle as his parents they â€Å"look at [them] like [thei r] from the zoo† despite their kind actions towards them. o Scene four: It is during the wedding ceremony that the Miller family and Portokalos family finally accept each other.During this scene we see that Ian’s family are finally enjoying them selves as they no longer have a confused and surprised expression on their face. They have finally reached an understanding and came to the ultimate realisation that despite their cultural differences they are still the same and that Ian and Tula should be together. It is in this scene that we see that everyone belongs as they have bonded due to the love of Ian and Toula. The mid shot of Ian’s mother after Gus’ speech allows us to see her expression and reaction to the speech.We see that she has found humour in his speech and agrees that despite their differences they are still the same. Ian’s father tells Toula that it â€Å"is just a really nice wedding† which contrasts with his reaction to when he first saw the reception. The voice over of Toula at the end of this scene â€Å"my family is big and loud. but they’re my family†¦ and where ever I go, what ever I go they will always be there† conveys that she herself has finally come to accept her family, culture and traditions and she finally feels a sense of belonging towards them.Text 3: What does it convey about belonging? This image conveys the struggle for some to belong. It conveys that sometimes difference can cause unacceptance into some groups which ultimately leads to not belonging. Techniques: o Symbolism: The yellow duckling is the outsider. It is different to the others and thus does not belong. It is literally looking up at the other duckling suggesting that it figuratively looks up to them, envies them and admires them. It shows us they the little yellow duckling is struggling to fit in. Irony: the fact that the yellow ducking is not fitting in with the black duckling is ironic because it is usua lly the yellow ducklings that are the dominant group and the black one is classified as the â€Å"ugly duckling†. This reinforces the idea that being different will cause not belonging with another group. o Colour: The colour green on the other end of the ledge that that the black ducklings are walking on symbolises another side where it is better as the saying goes â€Å"the grass is greener on the other side†. On the other hand, the yellow duckling is stuck on the grey side and is struggling to move up.This conveys that while the dominant group will progress and move forward with their lives the yellow duckling will continuously struggle and be stuck. This conveys that not belonging can affect an individual in a negative way. o Symbolism: the dominant group is above the rejected duckling which symbolises that they are superior and more significant while she is below them. The fact that she is below them conveys inferiority further reinforces the idea that not belongi ng can have negative effects on an individual.

Biography of Mok

Biography of Mok Free Online Research Papers He was the archetype of a successful entrepreneur who earned his money through hardship and persistence. It took just one terrible mistake, a serious misplace confidence in a friend, to wipe out the fortunate which took him years to amass. The life of this man, Jason Mok who is my dad’s friend, has change dramatically because he was unable to control the consequences of his fatal mistake. Born in a village in China to parents who were farmers, Mok had a difficult childhood. They were so poor that they couldn’t afford to send him to school. Illiterate and unskilled, Mok eked out a living as a labour, toiling long hours everyday. After scrimping and saving for years, Mok and his brother started a company selling construction materials to developers. Lady Luck smiled on him and his business boomed. With the money he earned and the knowledge he gain from property development, Mok invested in real estate. As it turned out, he has the Midas touch. From being among the poorest of the poor in his hometown, Mok became the richest man around, living a luxurious lifestyle. His was the perfect life- or so it seemed. One day, Mok’s longtime friend who was also a successful entrepreneur ask Mok to be the guarantor for his loan. Without any hesitation, Mok signed on the dotted line. This was the start of his woes. His friend turned out to be irresponsible and reckless. Having lost all his money on the wrong investment, his friend took off, leaving Mok to pay off his massive debts. As if he was under a curse, Mok also ran into deep trouble with his own business at the same time and lost millions. As a result, the bank seized all of his possessions and Mok became a bankrupt overnight. Left with a few thousand dollars he had hidden, Mok fled to Canada to join his family. Despondent and unable to accept the truth that he was a bankrupt, Mok initially drank himself into stupor everyday. Desperate to regain the wealth he had lost, Mok also started to gamble. He finally reached a point when he realized that he was going nowhere. Today, he is a freelance driver, earning enough to get by. Mok has resigned himself to his fate, knowing that he will never be who he once was. Mok exemplifies someone who is unable to control the direction of his life due to on mistake he made. This is a tragic story of one who rose from rags to riches and back to rags again. His fatal mistake did not just affect him, but also his family. They now live day by day, trying to make the most of their new- and less glamorous- direction of life. Research Papers on Biography of Mok19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationTwilight of the UAWHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayResearch Process Part OneHip-Hop is ArtQuebec and CanadaThe Project Managment Office SystemAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaEffects of Television Violence on Children